eguruchela

Laws Of Reflection

SI: incident ray, IR: reflected ray, i: angle of incidence, i’: angle of reflection


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Refractive Index


n: refractive index of the medium, v: speed of light in a medium, c: speed of light in vacuum (m/s)


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Law Of Refraction


n1: refractive index of the medium 1, n2: refractive index of medium 2, i: angle of incidence, r: angle of refraction, n21: absolute index of refraction


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Total Reflection Phenomenon


There is no refracted ray if


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Prism


A: apex angle, D: deviation angle, i1: angle of incidence, i2: angle of emergent ray


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Condition to have refractive ray


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When angle of incidence is minimum


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Thin Lens


f: focal length (converging len f>0; diverging len f<0), d: object distance from lens center, d’: image distance from lens center


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Magnification Factor


hI ; image height, ho: object height


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Power Of The Lens


n: refractive index of the lens material, R1: radius of curvature of the lens surface closest to the light source, R2: radius of curvature of the lens surface farthest from the light source


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