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Hydrogen and halogens

Here are six elements in Group VIIA, the next-to-last column of the periodic table. As expected, these elements have certain properties in common. They all form diatomic molecules (H2, F2, C12, Br2, I2, and At2), for example, and they all form negatively charged ions (H-, F-, Cl-, Br-, I-, and At-).

The halogens or halogen elements are a group in the periodic table consisting of five chemically related elements: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At). The artificially created element 117 may also be a halogen. In the modern IUPAC nomenclature, this group is known as group 17.

The name 'halogen' means 'salt-producing'. When halogens react with metals they produce a wide range of salts, including calcium fluoride, sodium chloride (common salt), silver bromide and potassium iodide.

  • Hydrogen halides are binary compounds of halogens with hydrogen. They are strong hydrohalic acids when dissolved in water, with the exception of HF. All of these acids are dangerous; some are widely used in chemical manufacturing plants.
  • Metal halides are compounds of halogens and metals. They include highly ionic compounds, monomeric covalent compounds, and polymeric covalent compounds. Metal halides can be obtained through direct combination or through neutralization of a basic metal salt with a hydrohalic acid.
  • Interhalogen compounds are formed when halogens react with each other. Some resemble the pure halogens in some respects, but mostly their properties and behaviors are intermediates of those of the two parent halogens. Some properties, however, are found in neither parent halogen.